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Samuel Mason
Samuel Ross Mason or Meason (1739–1803) was a Virginia militia captain on the American western frontier during the Revolutionary War, who subsequent to the war, became the leader of a gang of river pirates and highwaymen on the lower Ohio River and the Mississippi River in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was associated with outlaws around Red Banks, Cave-in-Rock, Stack Island, and the Natchez Trace.
==Early life, Revolutionary War service, and honest pursuits==
Mason was born in Norfolk, Virginia, and raised in what is now Charles Town, West Virginia, formerly a part of Virginia. Samuel Mason was thought to have been "born bad." According to Lyman Draper, in the 1750s, Mason got his earliest start in crime, as a teenager, by stealing the horses of Colonel John Hite in Frederick County, Virginia, being wounded and caught by his pursuers.〔(Rothert's 1924 "The Outlaws of Cave-In-Rock...".p. 164 1924 )〕 He moved from Charles Town to what is now Ohio County, West Virginia, also at that time a part of Virginia, in 1773.
During the American Revolution, Samuel Mason was a captain of the Ohio County Militia, Virginia state forces. According to Ohio County court minutes dated 7 January 1777, Mason was recommended to the governor of Virginia to serve as captain of the militia.〔Boyd Crumrine, ''Virginia Court Records in Southwestern Pennsylvania, Records of the District of West Augusta and Ohio and Yahogania Counties, Virginia, 1775–1780, Consolidated Edition'', p. 366, dated 1981.〕 On 28 January, he was present and cited as a captain from Ohio county at a "council of war" held at Catfish Camp.〔''History of the Upper Ohio Valley, Vol. 1.'', Brant & Fuller, p. 73, dated 1891.〕 Catfish Camp was located at or near present Washington, Pennsylvania. On 8 June 1777, Mason wrote a letter from Fort Henry, now Wheeling, West Virginia, to brigadier general Edward Hand, at Fort Pitt. The letter was signed Samuel Meason.〔Samuel Hazard, ''Pennsylvania Archives, Selected and Arranged from Original Documents in the Office of the Secretary of the Commonwealth, Conformably to Acts of the General Assembly, February 15, 1851, & March 7, 1852, Vol. V.'', p. 445, dated 1853.〕 On 1 September 1777, he was wounded but survived an ambush by Native Americans near Fort Henry. Most of the men in his company perished during the attack.〔''History of the Upper Ohio Valley, Vol. 1.'', Brant & Fuller, pps. 80–82, dated 1891.〕
He moved again in 1779, this time to what is now Washington County, Pennsylvania, where he was elected justice of the peace and later selected as associate judge, leaving for Kentucky in 1784. Mason's surname was spelled interchangeably as Meason in many of the early records. This is explained in at least two family histories of the Mason/Meason family. One is ''Pioneer Period and Pioneer People of Fairfield County, Ohio'' by C. M. L. Wiseman, dated 1901, and the other, ''Torrence and Allied Families'' by Robert M. Torrence, dated 1938.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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